His poetry highlights his mystical spiritual voyage through the four stages of Sufism: Shariat (Path), Tariqat (Observance), Haqiqat (Truth) and Marfat (Union). Bulleh Shah also hailed the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur as a Ghazi, or "religious warrior", which caused controversy among Muslims of that time.īulleh Shah’s writings represent him as a humanist, someone providing solutions to the sociological problems of the world around him as he lives through it, describing the turbulence his motherland of Punjab is passing through, while concurrently searching for God. Bulleh Shah maintained that violence was not the answer to violence. Baba Bulleh Shah denounced the murder of an innocent Sikh and was censured by the mullas and muftis of Pandoke. While Bulleh Shah was in Pandoke, Muslims killed a young Sikh man who was riding through their village in retaliation for murder of some Muslims by Sikhs. But in that age Baba Bulleh Shah was a beacon of hope and peace for the citizens of Punjab. The verse form Bulleh Shah primarily employed is called the Kafi, a style of Punjabi, Sindhi and Siraiki poetry used not only by the Sufis of Sindh and Punjab, but also by Sikh gurus.īulleh Shah’s poetry and philosophy strongly criticizes Islamic religious orthodoxy of his day.īulleh Shah's time was marked with communal strife between Muslims and Sikhs. Amongst Urdu poets, Bulleh Shah lived 400 miles away from Mir Taqi Mir of Agra.
His lifespan also overlapped with the Punjabi poet Waris Sha, of Heer Ranjha fame, and the Sindhi Sufi poet Abdul Wahab, better known by his pen-name, Sachal Sarmast (“truth seeking leader of the intoxicated ones”).
Other "facts" seem to have been passed down through oral traditions.īulleh Shah practiced the Sufi tradition of Punjabi poetry established by poets like Shah Hussain, Sultan Bahu, and Shah Sharaf.īulleh Shah lived in the same period as the Sindhi Sufi poet, Shah Abdul Latif Bhatai. Some "facts" about his life have been pieced together from his own writings.
However, Bulleh Shah's family was directly descended from the Prophet Muhammad.Ī large amount of what is known about Bulleh Shah comes through legends, and is subjective to the point that there isn’t even agreement among historians concerning his precise date and place of birth. Little is known about Bulleh Shah's direct ancestors, except that they were migrants from Uzbekistan. His spiritual teacher was the eminent Sufi saint, Shah Inayat Qadiri, from Arain tribe of Lahore Punjab. He also received education from Maulana Mohiyuddin. Bulleh Shah received his early schooling in Pandoke, and moved to Kasur for higher education. His father later got a job in Pandoke, about 50 miles southeast of Kasur. There his father, Shah Muhammad Darwaish, was a preacher in the village mosque and a teacher. When he was six months old, his parents relocated to Malakwal. Bulleh Shah Qadiri Shatari, often referred to simply as Bulleh Shah (Punjabi: بلہے شاہ, ਬੁੱਲ੍ਹੇ ਸ਼ਾਹ, Hindi: बुल्ले शाह) whose real name was Abdullah Shah, was a Punjabi Sufi poet, a humanist and philosopher.īulleh Shah is believed to have been born in 1680, in the small village of Uch, Bahawalpur, Punjab, now in Pakistan.
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